Generally Raspberry PI is connected to a Router as an individual computer.In case you do not have access to your Router you can very well connect PI to Laptop through an ETHERNET STRAIGHT Cable.
The available RJ45 cable in the market is mostly STRAIGHT cable & not CROSS OVER one.
Before connecting the PI to Laptop , open your Network & sharing center & click on your Internet connection.Mine is on Wireless Network
On the next screen click on the properties button.
Under SHARING tab Tick mark “Allow other network users…..”
Click OK to enable Network SHARING.
Now let us enable SECURED SHELL – SSH on Raspberry PI OS , so that it can be accessed over network.
This can be done by connecting RPI to a HDMI TV & a keyboard.
Under terminal open RASPI-CONFIG & enable SSH under Advanced options.
But in this post I consider a Headless mode , presuming that you do not have access to a TV or keyboard.You need a CARD READER for this purpose.
Place the SD card with Raspbian OS on to the card reader & plug it to ypur laptop.
Note down the Drive letter allotted.Here it is I:\ in my case
Run CMD & type in following
echo >I:\ssh
Now a file named ssh without any extension is created under \boot.
While PI is booted up then , it looks out for the file named ssh.
If it finds one , it enables SSH & then deletes the file you created.
This is how SSH is enabled in the new Raspbian OS.By default SSH is disabled in new OS for security reasons.
Plug the SD card on to PI & connect the ETHERNET cable to Laptop’s RJ45 slot.
Power up the PI to see a new Unidentified network .
Click on that new Local Area Connection that appears & then click properties.
On the next screen , double click on Internet Protocol Version 4(TCP/IPv4)
Now you see the IP address of the new Network created.
Here it is 192.168.137.1 which is the GATEWAY IP of the new Network.
PI will be allotted IP within this range 192.168.137.xxx
To know the IP of RPI we make use of ADVANCED IP SCANNER
Download from here & install the scanner
http://filehippo.com/download_advanced_ip_scanner/download/a518016bdff73f05b5f25826e519a493/
Open the IP Scanner program & type in the Range to scan as 192.168.137.1 to 192.168.137.254
Click on the scan button.
The IP scanner will detect the Raspberry PI & displays its IP along with host name & MAC address.
The host name is
raspberrypi.mshome.net & the IP is
192.168.137.240
You can use either the host name or the IP to access the PI.
We make use of an X Forwarding software called MOBAXTERM for a Graphical Interface.
You can use XMING server , but a separate SSH client like PUTTY is needed for that.
MOBAXTERM is a standalone freeware with an inbuilt SSH Client.
http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html
Download the X Server
Fire up the MobaXterm_Personal application.
Click on SESSION & then SSH
Under Remote Host type in the host name of RPI raspberrypi.mshome.net
or you can use the IP address of PI we obtained from IP Scanner earlier.
Now you get the login window.
Login username is pi & password is raspberry
Now you are logged into Raspberry PI & you get the ~$ prompt
To open Graphical interface , type in
startlxde
You get a warning message SSH is ON .
Click OK to see the DEBIAN SWIRL desktop.
To enable WIFI & internet access , watch this video :
alselectro 
Why it shows session stopped and network error
greetings sir,
while trying to find the IP address of Raspberri pi, in the Advanced IP Scanner it is showing that the it is dead, at the bottom of the screen.
and also when i enter the ip in the mobaxterm it is not connecting ,what should i do sir,please help me.